some of them datable to this period. The same Nicostratus, styled φιλοκαῖσαρ, set up another dedication ‘out of his own resources’ in the same year (IGRR IV. 846). A similar phrase occurs in the record of the numerous offices and benefactions of one Q. Pomponius Flaccus, whose activity is attributed to the first century of the Empire.71 Among other services he heated the covered walks and provided piped oil at the baths. It is insisted that he went to great personal expense. The provision of these